Vacuum is often thought of as empty, but in fact it is teeming with fleeting energy fluctuations—virtual photons popping in and out of existence that can interact with matter, giving rise to new, ...

The Dynamical Casimir Effect (DCE) encompasses a striking quantum phenomenon whereby rapid, nonadiabatic modifications of boundary conditions produce pairs of real photons from the quantum vacuum – a ...

Interactions between atoms and molecules are facilitated by electromagnetic fields. The bigger the distance between the partners involved, the weaker these mutual interactions are. In order for the ...

Illustration of photon-photon scattering in the laboratory. Two green petawatt lasers beams collide at the focus with a third red beam to polarise the quantum vacuum. This allows a fourth blue laser ...