Becoming popular in the early 1990s and the norm today, object-oriented programming (OOP) languages, such as C++ and Java, provide a formal set of rules for creating and managing objects.

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Groovy is a dynamic object-oriented programming language for the Java virtual machine (JVM) that can be used anywhere Java is used. A Java Archive, or JAR file, contains all of the various components ...

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For example, using the keyword implements will make a Java interface, while the keyword extends makes an abstract class. Encapsulation in object-oriented programming is the process of wrapping all the ...