What can a 3D map of an exoplanet’s atmosphere teach astronomers about the planet’s formation, evolution, and composition?

During its early history, Mars may have once been a habitable planet instead of the dry, desolate world it is today. That may be because throughout the billions of years of its existence, Mars' ...

Between 2.5 and 4 billion years ago, a time known as the Archean eon, Earth’s weather could often be described as cloudy with a chance of asteroid. Back then, it was not uncommon for asteroids or ...

The first hard-shelled animals, like the trilobite at center, needed a lot of oxygen to move around and make a living. It seems the history of oxygen on Earth will have to be adjusted, based on a new ...